From The Official Lamaze Guide: Giving Birth with Confidence.

Many common medical interventions can hinder the process of birth by prolonging labor, discouraging you, and interfering with your ability to find comfort. These interventions can certainly be beneficial if they’re used appropriately, when complications develop or the risk for complications is high. But they’re often used inappropriately on healthy women whose labors are progressing normally.

To avoid interventions that will make labor more difficult, you’ll need some basic knowledge about the appropriate use of interventions and strategies for preventing inappropriate use. You’ll also need to know how you can minimize the negative effects of truly necessary interventions and keep your labor as normal as possible.

Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM)
Intravenous (IV) Fluids and Restrictions on Eating and Drinking
Movement Restrictions
Artificial Rupture of Membranes
Directed Pushing
Induction or Augmentation with Pitocin
Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia
Episiotomy
Cesarean Surgery